There are at least ten examples of crosses known today: the Greek, the Papal, the Maltese, and the Clover-leaf, to name a few. The Coptic cross is an ornamental form of the European Latin cross.
The cross was first introduced by Mark the Evangelist, who brought Christianity to Africa in the first Century. Its sophisticated lattice-work design has been refined by Coptic Christians over the centuries and has a distinctive African appearance. The Copts predominately live in North Africa, most commonly in Egypt and Ethiopia. Like other Christians, Copts wear the cross as a symbol of their faith, and use and display crosses in religious ceremonies.
The earliest form of the Coptic cross was the Coptic ankh, which included the perpendicular bars of the cross, and a large circle above the top bar. The circle in the Coptic ankh was meant to symbolize the resurrection of Christ. The cross has twelve points symbolizing the Apostles whose mission was to spread the Gospel message throughout the world. The Coptic cross is widely used in the Coptic church as well as the Ethiopian and Eritrean churches. Many Copts have the cross tattooed on the inside of their right arm. The Coptic cross in its modern and ancient forms is considered a sign of faith and pride to the Copts. (Keith Richards and Stevie Ray Vaughn both wear the Coptic Cross tattoos.)
We are pleased to be offering a selection of Ethiopian Coptic Gilt-Metal Crosses in our March 14-15th auction. They date from the 19th to the 20th century, and possibly earlier. They come in a variety of sizes, are hand-forged and have an elaborate geometric form incorporating numerous elements of the cross. As P. de Bourget wrote, the Copts “developed an artistic style which, though derived initially from Hellenistic and Byzantine art, and later influenced by Islamic art, is nevertheless unique and individual.” Many illuminated manuscripts that survive today reflect the indigenous style of their art.
Reference:
- P. de Bourget, Coptic Art, London, 1971.